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[Stamp]
Royal Commission
on the Ancient & Historical
Monuments of Scotland
[Crown]
The Royal Commission
on the Ancient & Historical
Monuments of Scotland
[Note] 457 Annexe
RT
A1.1
INV (16) |
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STIRLINGSHIRE |
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[Photograph] inserted
PLATE 116 "THE PINEAPPLE", Dunmore Park (302). |
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[Coat of Arms]
STIRLINGSHIRE
AN INVENTORY OF THE ANCIENT MONUMENTS
VOLUME II
THE ROYAL COMMISSION ON THE
ANCIENT AND HISTORICAL MONUMENTS OF SCOTLAND
1963 |
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© Crown copyright 1963
Published by
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Printed in Scotland under the Authority of HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE
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CONTENTS OF VOLUME II
[Contents] -- Page
List of Figures -- vii
List of Plates -- ix
Inventory of the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Stirling-
shire (Garrison to Indeterminate Remains) -- 273
Addenda -- 450
Armorial -- 453
Glossary -- 459
Index -- 469
-- v |
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LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. -- Title -- Page
112 -- The garrison, Inversnaid (No. 225) -- 274
113 -- The Burgh of Stirling (No. 226); plan showing the positions of the
principal monuments -- 276
114 -- Argyll's Lodging, Stirling (No. 227); block plans -- 278
115 -- plans of lower floors -- 280
116 -- plans of upper floors -- 281
117 -- Mar's Work, Stirling (No. 230) -- 286
118 -- Cowane's Hospital, Stirling (No. 231) -- 290
119 -- The Town House, Stirling -- (No. 232) -- 294
120 -- Cowane' s House, Stirling (No. 237) -- 298
121 -- Burgh of Airth (No. 251); plans and elevations of 18th-century houses -- 308
122 -- Engineering Shop, Carron Ironworks (No. 265) -- facing 316
123 -- Schoolhouse, Polmont (No. 269) -- 319
124 -- The Old Manse, Larbert (No. 273) -- 320
125 -- Orchardfield, Clachan of Balfron (No. 281) -- 324
126 -- Taylor's Building, Kippen (No. 285) -- 325
127 -- Steuarthall (No. 293) -- 328
128 -- Torbrex Farm (No. 294) -- 330
129 -- Bannockburn House (No. 295) -- 332
130 -- Auchenbowie House (No. 296) -- 334
131 -- Braes (No. 297) -- 335
132 -- Quarter (No. 298) -- 336
133 -- Torwood Castle (No. 299) -- 338
134 -- Kersie Mains (No. 300) -- 340
135 -- "Pineapple", Dunmore Park (No. 302); plans, elevations and
sections -- facing 340
136 -- Neuck (No. 303) -- 342
137 -- Orchardhead (No. 305) -- 344
138 -- Newton of Bothkennar (No. 306) -- 345
139 -- Westertown (No. 308) -- 346
140 -- Carron House (No. 310) -- 347
141 -- Callendar House (No. 311); principal floor, adapted from a plan of
1785 by James Craig -- 349
142 -- plan of ground floor -- 349
143 -- Muiravonside House (No. 316) -- 353
144 -- Dalquhairn (No. 318) -- 355
145 -- Birdston Farm (no. 322) -- 358
146 -- Ballencleroch (No. 325) -- 359
147 -- Middle Ballewan (No. 326) -- 361
148 -- Dalnair (No. 328) -- 362
-- vii |
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LIST OF FIGURES
149 -- Craigivairn (No. 330) -- 363
150 -- Old Ballikinrain (No. 332) -- 364
151 -- Old Place of Balgair (No. 333) -- 366
152 -- Mains of Glins (No. 334) -- 367
153 -- Wrightpark (No. 335) -- 368
154 -- Old Auchentroig (No. 336) -- 369
155 -- Gartinstarry (No. 337) -- 370
156 -- Arnprior Farm (No. 339) -- 371
157 -- Old Leckie House (No. 343); plans -- 374
158 -- detail of fireplace -- 375
159 -- Touch House (No. 345); plan of first floor -- 377
160 -- elevation of S. facade -- 378
161 -- Seton Lodge (No. 346) -- 380
162 -- Hallhouse (No. 359) -- 384
163 -- Leys (No. 360) -- 385
164 -- Cruck-framed byre, Hallquarter (No. 362); detail of cruck -- 386
165 -- Cruck-framed byre, Stronmacnair (No. 377) -- 389
166 -- Old farms, Big Bruach-caoruinn (No. 379) -- 390
167 -- Old farms, Little Bruach-caoruinn (No. 380) -- 391
168 -- Old farms, Balgair (No. 381) -- 392
169 -- Old farm, Broomhole (No. 384) -- 393
170 -- Dovecots: Old Sauchie (No. 390), Touch (No. 389), Drumquhassle
(No. 398), Carron House (No. 393) -- 396
171 -- Inscribed rock, Gowan Hill, Stirling (No. 403) -- 399
172 -- Earthwork, Arngibbon (No. 482) -- 417
173 -- Earthwork, Keir Knowe of Arnmore (No. 483) -- 417
174 -- Earthwork, Dasher (No. 484) -- 418
175 -- Earthwork, Keir Hill of Dasher (No. 485) -- 418
176 -- Earthwork, Wester Barnego (No. 490) -- 419
177 -- Earthwork, Gallamuir (No. 495) -- 420
178 -- Indeterminate remains, Kettlehill (No. 582) -- 447
179 -- Indeterminate remains, Dungoil (No. 586) -- 448
180 -- Indeterminate remains, Hillhead (No. 588) -- 449
-- viii |
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INVENTORY
of the Ancient and Historical Monuments
of Stirlingshire (continued)
GARRISON
225. The Garrison, Inversnaid. The remains of the
Barrack of Inversnaid stand on a small eminence about
250 yds. NE. of the confluence of the Arklet Water and
the Snaid Burn. The Barrack, with those at Kiliwhimen
(Fort Augustus), Bernera and Ruthven, was erected in
the years following the rebellion of 1715 as part of the
Government's plan for controlling the Highlands. The
site commands the pass between Loch Lomond and
Loch Katrine, and the primary function of the post
was to protect the route that ran from Dumbarton via
Loch Lomond, Loch Katrine and Loch Tay to join the
main Dunkeld-Inverness road at Blair Atholl (cf. No.
523). The Barrack is placed to overlook two fords - those
by which, respectively, the Dumbarton road crosses the
Arklet Water (cf. No. 521) and the road from Inversnaid
Harbour crosses the Snaid Burn (cf. No. 522) before
joining the Dumbarton road 80 yds. SW. of the Garrison
(Pl. 117).
Sites for all four Barracks were agreed upon in August
1717, ¹ the Board of Ordnance being responsible for their
erection and maintenance. Early in the following year
James Smith was appointed "Surveyor and Chief
Director for Carrying on the Barracks" in North Britain,
and at the same time Major Thomas Gordon was made
Chief Overseer, under Smith, at Inversnaid, with
Lieutenants Dumaresque and Bastide as Clerk of Works
and Draughtsman respectively, ² Work began in the
spring of 1718 and was continued throughout the summer
and autumn, although not without interruption; there
is a report of a party of eight masons and quarriers being
carried off by armed Highlanders on 8th August. ³
Building contracts were signed on 14th June, ⁴ the
principal contractors being Gilbert Smith, mason, Robert
Mowbray, carpenter, and James Syme, slater, all of
whom were also engaged upon the Barrack of Kili-
whimen. Work stopped in late autumn but was resumed
in the spring of 1719, although in January Smith was
replaced by Andrews Jelfe, ⁵ who is described as
"Architect and Clerk of the Works for this office in
Great Brittain". ⁶ By the autumn of 1719 the buildings
were approaching completion, Inversnaid being the first
of the four Barracks to be finished.
The Barrack is said to have been destroyed during the
rebellion of 1745 ⁷ and then rebuilt, but, although plans
were made for new buildings at this time, 8 they were not
carried out and the structure seen today is that erected in
1718 and 1719. The Garrison was kept in repair until
the late 18th century, but a survey of 1823 stated that it
was becoming ruinous, the only occupants at that time
being two women, one of whom kept "a kind of inn" in
one of the barrack blocks. 9 Neither the Engineer Depart-
ment nor the Barrack Department would admit
responsibility for the buildings, and as the site had by
that time lost its military significance it was handed back
to the Duke of Montrose.
Contemporary plans of the Barrack survive (Pls. 117,
118) [Footnote] 10 and show it as an approximately square enclosure,
on the N. and S. sides of which two barrack-blocks faced
each other across a courtyard. The W. and E. sides were
provided with rampart walks carried on vaulted under-
crofts and the entrance was centrally placed in the W.
wall. At the NE. and SW. angles of the enclosure towers
of two storeys gave flanking fire to the four main walls,
the ground floor of the NE. tower being used as a bake-
house and brew-house and that of the SW. tower as a
guard-room. Loop-holes were also provided in the rear
walls of the barrack-blocks and in the vaulted chambers
that supported the rampart walks. Provision was made
in the plan for towers at the remaining two corners of
the enclosure and for the strengthening of the entrance,
but there was insufficient money to complete these
additional works. The plan as carried out should be
compared with those of Kiliwhimen, Ruthven and
Bernera, [Footnote] 11 all four Barracks being very much alike;
Kiliwhimen and Bernera were slightly larger than Inver-
snaid, and had more subtantial barrack-blocks, but
Ruthven provides an almost exact parallel. Credit for
these Barracks has been given to J. L. Romer, [Footnote] 12 whose
father William Romer had achieved some fame as an
expert in the art of fortification; Romer, however,
1 P.R.O., W.O. 47/30, 228-9.
2 Ibid., 47/31, 57.
3 Ibid., 235.
4 E.g. Ibid., 48/60, list dated June 28, 1720, No. 35.
5 On whom see Colvin, English Architects, 318.
6 P.R.O., W.O. 47/32, 21.
7 Stat. Acct., ix (1793), 25.
8 B.M. (Map Room), K. Top. L. 100.
9. P.R.O., W.O. 44/272.
10 National Library of Scotland MS. 1648, Z 3/11, Z 3/16,
Z 3/17, Z 3/18. Of these plans, Z 3/17e (Pl. 118) appears to be
a preliminary draft, Z 3/17a to incorporate some minor modi-
fications of the original scheme, and Z 3/11a to represent the
work actually carried out.
11 National Library of Scotland MS. 1648, Z 3/18.
12 Colvin, English Architects, 513, following D.N.B.
VOL. II. - A -- [Page] 273 |
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No. 225 -- GARRISON -- No. 225
[Plan inserted]
Fig. 112. The Garrison, Inversnaid (No. 225)
replaced Jelfe as Chief Overseer in North Britain only
in January 1720, ¹ by which date Inversnaid was virtually
complete and two years' work had been done on Kili-
whimen. As the erection of the four Barracks had been
planned as a single operation as early as 1717, it is clear
that Romer did no more than complete a programme
which had been laid down by his predecessors, Smith and
Jelfe.
The site of the Barrack of Inversnaid is today occupied
by farm buildings, many of which, however, incorporate
1 P.R.O., W.O. 47/33, 58.
[Page] 274 |
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No. 226 -- HOUSES OF THE 16TH TO 19TH CENTURIES -- No. 226
portions of the original structure (Fig. 112). The masonry
is of rubble drawn from a quarry on the N. bank of the
Arklet Water, which is marked on a contemporary site-
plan (Pl. 117). Nothing remains of the original W. wall
of the enclosure or of the SW. tower, the present farm-
house and a byre now occupying these parts of the site.
The line of the original approach-road is visible, how-
ever, as a slightly hollowed roadway running in an E.-W.
direction immediately to the W. of the byre and 53 ft.
N. of the SW. angle of the farmhouse. Substantial traces
also remain of the two barrack-blocks. Each was of three
storeys, and had a central staircase with a barrack-room
on either side on each floor; there were windows on the
courtyard side only, the outer walls being pierced by
loop-holes. Three sides of the N. block remain (Fig. 112,
Pl. 119A) and are incorporated in a sheep-pen: the N.
wall rises to a maximum height of 17 ft. 6 in. and contains
seven symetrically placed loop-holes which are splayed
both internally and externally and have sloping sills
(Pl. 119B). The doorway now seen in this wall is not an
original feature. The gables and stairwell are reduced in
height to a few courses and have been adapted for later
use, while the S. wall has been replaced by a later wall
which runs parallel to the site of the original one but a
little to the S. of it. The S. barrack-block has been
largely rebuilt and is now used as a barn, but the lower
portions of the N. and S. walls and of the W. gable
remain to a maximum height of 8 ft. Immediately to the
E. of the barrack-block the vents for the private soldiers'
latrines can be seen in the S. wall of the enclosure. Of the
E. wall of the Barracks, the footings remain along its
entire length and the original masonry is preserved to
a height of 8 ft. at the S. end. The S. wall of the NE.
tower rises to a height of 10 ft., but the N. wall has dis-
appeared completely, and of the W. and E. walls only
the foundations are visible. About 15 ft. SW. of the
tower is a well, now filled up, but plainly visible on the
ground as a circular outline of stones (Pl. 119C). The
well was supplied by an aqueduct fed from a small burn
50 yds. NE. of the Barrack. The aqueduct, which is
marked on a contemporary plan, ¹ is visible today for
about half its length as a channel in the turf about 3 ft. in
width and 2 ft. in depth.
NN 348096 28 April 1955
N ii ("Garrison of Inversnaid, Remains of")
HOUSES OF THE 16TH TO 19TH
CENTURIES
BURGHS
226. The Burgh of Stirling. The physical development
of Stirling has been largely governed by the topography
of the site on which it stands (Fig. 113). Here, as at
Edinburgh, a "crag-and-tail" formation was adapted for
defence by the placing of a castle on the highest point, or
"crag", and this left the comparatively gently downward
slope of the "tail" as the site for development of the
burgh. It also led to the alinement of the main street from
NW. to SE., but this tendency was modified by the fact
that Stirling occupied a key position on the main route
from north to south, which crossed the Forth by Stirling
Bridge (No. 455), three-quarters of a mile NE. of the
town, and then passed through the streets on its way
southwards. The earliest surviving town-plan, which
was drawn by John Laye in 1725 (Pl. 121), ² shows
clearly how both these factors helped to determine the
lay-out of the old town. On the one hand Laye shows a
plan laid out predominantly from NW. to SE., and
naturally alined upon the Castle (No. 192), to which the
burgh owed its origin, while on the other it brings out
the importance of the principal deviation from this
alinement. This is constituted by St. Mary's Wynd, un-
named by Laye, which descends towards the bridge and
gives entry to the town from the north. After climbing
to the top of St. Mary's Wynd, through traffic had to
descend almost the whole length of the burgh to its
SE. extremity before continuing on its way. The other
deviation, Friar Street, also unnamed by Laye but shown
by him as running N. from the lower end of "Neither
Wind", must also be of early origin, as it links the burgh
with a harbour on the Forth which was in existence as
early as the 12th century.
Of the other streets, the Market Place, now Broad
Street, was the most important in the burgh and con-
tained both the Tolbooth (No. 232) and the Mercat
Cross (No. 401). Parallel to it and a little to the S. there
is a street the upper portion of which Laye designates
"Flece market", the whole now being known as St.
John Street. The Market Place and St. John Street, with
the streets connecting them, form a rough quadrangle
dominated by the Parish Church (No. 131); and from
this upper core two parallel streets "Neither Wynd",
now Baker Street, and Back Row ³, which now forms the
lower part of St. John Street, together with Spittal
Street, descend to the SE. extremity of the town, and
converge at the site of the Meal Market (cf. No. 247) to
form what is now King Street. Laye's plan, though of
early 18th-century date, clearly preserves an arrange-
ment which goes back to mediaeval times, and probably
to the early days of the burgh. The town is shown as still
circumscribed by its 16th-century wall, and this indicates
that very little expansion took place before the 18th
century. The mediaeval boundaries were outgrown,
however, in the later part of the 18th and to a much
more considerable extent in the 19th century. John
Wood's survey, ⁴ made in 1820, shows that by that date
building had begun at the approaches to the town on
both the Falkirk and Airth roads, and also in the Allan
Park area. To the N. there was already considerable
development between St. Mary's Wynd and the Bridge
while plans were being made to by-pass the old town
1 National Library of Scotland MS. 1648, Z 3/11.
2 Ibid., 1645, Z 2/19.
3 For the probable origin of this name, see Dickinson, W. C.,
Early Records of the Burgh of Aberdeen, 1317, 1398-1407, S.H.S.,
xxix, n.5.
4 Wood's Town Atlas.
[Page] 275 |
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Principal Monuments in the
BURGH OF STIRLING
[Map inserted] |
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FIRST FLOOR PLAN ; GROUND FLOOR PLAN
[Plans inserted]
Fig. 115. Argyll's Lodging, Stirling (No. 227); plans of lower floors
[Page] 280 |
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SECOND FLOOR PLAN ; ATTIC FLOOR PLAN
[Plans inserted]
Fig. 116. Argyll's Lodging, Stirling (No. 227); plans of upper floors
[Page] 281 |
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