medieval-atlas/events-from-about-850-to-1460/79

Transcription

The Anglo-Scottish Border The Anglo-Scottish frontier clearly delineated on the eve of the fIrst resistance. At the same time, the kings of Scots acquired the exten war of independence was the product of a lengthy and complex sive lordship -later 'liberty' of Tynedale, i.e. the dales of North process beginning around the middle of the tenth century when the and South Tyne. By the treaty of York (1237) Alexander II effec kings of Scots pushed their eastern boundary through Lothian to the ti vely recognised English possession of Northumberland, Tweed. By the early eleventh century they had taken over Cumbria Cumberland and Westmorland but in return was confIrmed in or Strathclyde, giving them a foothold on the north-west boundary Tynedale and was given the newly-created 'honour of Penrith'. A ofYorkshire. In 1092 this Scottish southward drive was reversed by striking feature of the Border thus evolved and established was that WilIiam Rufus's annexation of 'English' Cumbria and building of the Scottish side was marked by relatively thickly-populated dis Carlisle castle, but in 1136 the Scots re-asserted their suzerainty tricts and important towns while much of the English side con over Cumbria and attempted to annex Northumberland -successsisted of sparsely settled wastes and moorlands. fully from 1139 to 1157, but thereafter thwarted by strong English SCOTIA Edinburgh () \}\t £ o "'~ ~e{~ r '\ V~ ~ I. ~~N .~. Berwick upon Tweed Stow \ $-'5~ Norha~oSI. Cuthbert \ ~Redde"6"" .~ ..:. OedeY!llI,"" Holy Island Tweed \ -l>' _ -, Roxburgh :.u..;x, Carham -Bamburgh ~ -n:-1018 • • Selkirk " .... Warenmouth '\ \ • \0'1 :: Jedburgh .... -